Churn.



EATENTBD AUG. 8, 1905.

J. s. LEAKB.

GHURN.

uruouzon rum) nu 2s. 1905.

2 slums-sum1 1.

, yPATENTED AUG. 8, 1905. A J. S. LEAKB. y

UHURN.

' APPmoA'rIon FILED MN5, 17u05.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

.JAMES s. LEAKE, or s PENoER, vietnam.

CHURN.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 8, 190,5. i

Application ld May 25, 1905. Serial No. 282.260.

To all mlmm. if may concern:

Be it known that l. .lanas S. limita, a citizen of the United States. residing at Spencer, in the county of Henry and State of Virginia, have invented new and useful Improvements in Churns, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to churns in which the dasher shaft orstatf is operated bya crankrod and disk or wheel, the crank-rod being adjustahly connected t0 the dasher shaft or stall and the disk or wheel to regulate or modify the extent of throw or stroke of the said shaft. The disk or wheel in the present construction of churn-operating mechanism has considerable weight and serves in a measurc to counterbalance the moving parts and -reduce to a minimum the resistance set up by thedasber, especially when the butter begins to form and aften it has assumed"h e nature of a dciinitermass within the churn-body. 'lhe disk er wheel connected to the dasher shaft or staff is operated vby sprocket wheel and chain gearing, the sprocket-wheels havingr 'such proportion that the one directly actuated by thc operator will drive the remaining one at a greater rate of speed and materially obviate the tiresome work incident to churning, and this sprocket wheel and chain gearing cooperates with the weighted or heavy disk of wheel connected to the dasher shaft or stati' to still further lighten thc churning operation. The parts of the churn-operating devices are readily separable for convenience in packing, storing, or shipping the same and also for 'readily repairing any of the mechanical devices comprised in the organization.

Another material advantage inthe present form of churn is that ditl'erent sizes of churn vbodies or receptacles to receive the dasher fmay be used to accommodate churning ditl'crent quantities of cream, a lid or cover for the bodies or receptacles being used and applicablel to a `number of such bodies. The dashcr shaft or staff is also readily removable as well as the lid or cover for the churn-body, and the latter is heldin place by resilient attaching means connected thereto at diamctrically opposite points and also to the frame structure of the clmrn.

Another important feature in, the present churn structure is the provision of a trough like holding means in which the churn body or receptacle is disposed and `having a partitionrising therefrom, at opposite sides of which the operating devices are disposed and serve as a shield or protective means for the operator, as well as a stable support for the several mechanisms. I

Other novel features of construction as well as advantages will be hereinafter more fully set forth.

ln the drawings, Figure lis a perspective view of a churn embodying the featuresof the invention and showing the crank-rod in detached condition in dotted lines. Fig. 2 is a rear elevation of the churn, particularly showing the mechanism actuated by the operator and held by a partition, which serves as a shield or protective means for the operator, as well as a support for the several mechanisms. Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical section through the churn body or receptacle and the base structure for support-ing the same, as well as the lid or cover, applicable'to c'burn bodies or receptacles of varyingdimensions` a part of the dasher shaft or stati' and the dasher being also illustrated in this figure; Y

Similar numerals of ref erence indicate cor' responding parts in the views.

The base structure ot the churn consists of a trough-like support having a fiat bottom l and sides 2, with the upper edges inclined downwardly or beveled, as at 3.`toward tbc free end of the bottom l. The dimensions of the base structurezu'e such as to removably receive a churn body or Vreceptacle of large dimensions and replaceable by other bodies or receptacles of smaller dimensions. 'lhe base structure is connected to a vertical partition or back 4, which is preferably solid or im'perforatc and rises to such an extent above the base structure as to dispose the mechanism directly actuated by the operator at a convenient elevation. 'lhis partition or back 4 serves as a means for supporting actuating mechanism, a part of said mechanism being on one side of the partition and the remaining mechanism on the reverse side. 'l`o the top of the partition or back 4 a ledge 5 is secured and projects horizontally over a portion of the base structure below and is provided with a hinged member normally held closed by a suitable hook and eye 7, thc ledge and the hinged member having arcuate recesses therein to form an opening for the loose rc-- ception of the dasher shaft or stati 8.

The sides 2 of the base structure have inner concaved clearance-recesscs 9 to receive a churn ,lnaly or receptacle 10 of maximum y l 4maaar dimensions within a comparatively reduced transverse or width extent of said base structure, and, as before setforth, the body or receptacle 10, as shown, is adapted to be replaced by various sizes of similar receptacles l in accordance with the amount of cream treatter and adapting the remaining part of the churn structure and operating' mechanism for -yuse with various receptacles without requiring a corresponding change in the proportions and dimensions of the complete churn organization. The churn body or receptacle 10 is held close to the partition or back 4 and is retained in place by the sides 2, and in applying and removing the same it may bc pushed inwardly in the trough-like base structure or pulled outwardly fromthe latter.

. A lid or cover 11 is used to close the top of the churn body or receptacle and is so pioportioned that the same or a single lid or cover may be used with a number of receptacles varying in dimensions. The upper surfacey of the lid or cover is hollowed out regularly from the periphery inwardly toward the center, as at 12, to produce a drain-cavity lowest at the center, where an opening 13 is formedv for the passage and free movement therethrough of the dasher shaft or stati' 8. During the operation of the churn should any of l: the cream work upwardly through the opening 13 with the dnsher shaft or staff 8 it will bc etained in the d rain-cavity and run or iiow back into the churn body or receptacle through the said opening. ln other words. any exudation I of cream from the churn body or receptacle -through the opening 13 in the lid on cover 1I will be prevented from splashing oi' running r'over the said lid or cover to thi` sides of the churn.l and thereby the churning operation may bccarried on with cleanliness. In many l 1 -of the churns now in use the lid or cover is secured in place by fastening means which are frequently found difficult to release and' expensive in application, and, furthermore,

devoid 'of any yielding characteristics to pci'- mit t-he escape of gasvv generated during thc l. ,1 churning operation within the churn body or 'y receptacle. The present niipi'oved chin-n includes in its equipment simple devices for positively holding the lid or cover in place with ayielding pressure and also practically operative with churn bodies or receptacles differing in height.A The preferred .forni of lid or cover fastening means consists ol' tivo eyes 14, secured at diamctrically oppositel points to the lid or cover and removably cn- 'gaged by closely-'coiled springs 15, having ltaehment to and separation from the eyes 14 and loops 17 at their lower ends secured to eyes 18, projecting from the outer portions of the sides 2 of the base structure, and at such distance below the upper edges 3 of said sides that the springs when detached may be thrown over and positioned entirely clear of the said upper edges to avoid interference withthe application and removal of the churn body oi' receptacle.

T he dasher shaft or stati 8 has secured to the lower end thereof a common form of crossblade dasher 19, of such dimensions that it will practically operate within churnbodies or receptacles varying in dimensions, and at a suitable elevation the dasher shaft or staff also hasaseries ofopenings 2O formed therein to receive the reduced extremity 21 of an upper angular arm Q2, forming partof a crankrod 23, the dasher shaft or staff being held positively in connection with the angular arm 22 by a thumb or wing nut 24, engaging the threaded end of the reduced extremity 21 to vary or modify the stroke of the dasher shaft or staff. The reduced extremity 21 may be fitted in any one of the openings 20,'and this is particularly advantageous in view of the replacement of one churn body or receptacle 10 by 'another varying in height to insure a within the said body. The crank-rod 23 is also adjustably secured at its opposite end to one of the spokes 95 of a. wheel 26, which is of considerable weight and serves as a counterbalaneing means to materially assist in the operation of thc churn and relieve the operator of tiresome strain, especially when the butter is formingor has assu med a definite mass within the churn body or receptacle. The spoke 25 is formed with a series of radially-disposed openings 2T, in either one of which the lower end of the crank-rod 23 may be secured in proportion to the adjustment ofthe opposite end of the crank-rod with respect to the dasher shaft or stati 8, suitable removable means, such as a tliuinbrnut or analogous device, being emto the spo :e 25. The wheel 26 is keyed to a shaft 28, passing transversely through the een ter of the partition or back 4 and disposed 'in metallic-bearing means secured to said back and providing a metallic surface for the support and indveinentof the shaft. On the opposite end of the shaft 28 and against tlic'rear vside of the partition or back 4 a small sprocketwhecllt) is acquired to rotate with said shaft.- ln alinement with the shaft 28 and located 4 is a vcarwardly-projecting rotatable stubshaft .\),on which .is fixed an enlarged sprocketlwheel 3l, the sprocket-wheels 29 and 3l having a chain-belt trained thereovcr` and the ,'sha ft 3() being provided with a crank-handle 33 for actuating thev samc'and the sprockethooks 16 at their upper ends for ready at I suliiciency of depth of stroke of the flasher.

ployed to secu re the lower end of the cran k-rodV near the upper terni inal of the partition or back tation of the shaft() without (lett-acting in the least from-the necessary recprocation of the dasher shaft or stati 8; Both shafts 28 and 250 are mounted in similar bearings having disk faces or securing members 34 bolted through and through with respect to the partition o i' back 4. Y

The inipei'forate or solid partit-ion or back 4 having the mechanism on the rear side there of for direct actuation by theoperati-ir permits the latter to assume a shieldedI position with relation to the churn body or receptacle located on the opposite side of L hepartition or back, and any tendency of the contents of. the churn body or i'eceptacle to he forced upwardly through the opening 13 in t-lie. lid or cover l1 will not in the least affect the operator standing at the back of the churn.

Vlf the dasher shaft `or staff carrying the dasher be separated from the remaining mechanism for cleaning purposes or if such separation be required at any time in pri-.paring thechnrn to'operate or after the'bntter has been fully formed, it isobvieus thatthe cranle, rod 23 would hang or fall into a very inconvenient position and interfere with the desired assemblage of the' churn body or receptacle with relation to the hasestructure or removal of such body from this structure. 'lo obviateth'is disadvantage, a guard 35i is secured on the-partition or hack 4 above the ivlieel 26, said guard being preferably of rectangular form and having such transverse efvtent that thecrank-rod will move therein without contact with any portion thereof, 'hen-the crank-rod is disconnected from the dasher shaft or stati' 8, it will be held in elevatial position by the ,guai-d. no matter if the operating mechanism be set in motion, in view of the angular arm 22 at the'upper terminal of said crank-rod. said angular arm preventing theA crank-rod from drawingdownwarilly through the guard, iis clearly shown in dotted lines in Fig. l.

From the foregoing it will be seen that the :nain structural advantages reside in the provision of :in iniperforate or solid vertical partition or bach rising from a trough-like base structure, the capability of using churn bodies or receptacles having varying dimensions within ihe saine churn structure and without iiu-.difying the proportions or dimensions of the latter, the positive actuating mechanism lwhichrelieves the operator of considerable be assembled und disconnected.

is claimed as new is 1. A churn having a hase structure with a fiat upper surface Aand adapted to hold churncoinmon application to the` different churn bodies or receptacles disposed in the base structure, lmigitudinally expansible and convtracti ble fasteningdevices detachabLv connected to the lid or cover at dianietrically oppoaiid mechanism foroperating thedasher-shaft.

2. A churn having a trough-like base, the lottom of which has a flat upper surface, the l said base structure being adapted to receive churn-bodies of different sizes, a lid or cover for common application to the different sizes of churn-bodies that may be disposed in the tiresome \vork,ai1d the. general convenience and simplicity of the entire organization and the facility with which 'the several parts may Having thus described the invention, what bodies of different sizes,a lid or eovenfor site points and also to the base structure, a dashcr-shaft movable through the lid or covei' and having a dashcr on its iower extremity',-

base structure, longitudinallyy expansible and tached to diametrically opposite portions of ythe lid or cover and to the baiestructure, a (bisher-shaft having a dasher thereon andl vertrough-like structure` limgitudinally expansi- .ble and ceiitri'ict-ible fastening' devices removlably attached to opposite portions of the lid -or cover and to the trough-like structure, a dasher-shaft vei'ticaily movable through the lid or cover and having a dasher thereon, and mechanism for operating the dasher-shaft.

vcontractible fastening means removably at- I' tically movable through-the lid or cover and 1 4. A churn having a trough-like base stric- `ture, a body or receptacle removably disposed in the base structure and replaceable by other like devices varying in vertical and transverse dimensions, a single lid or cover commento trough-like structure, longitudinally expansircmovably attached to opposite portions ofthe :lid or cover and to the trough-likestructure, a dasher-shaft vertically movable through the lid or cover and having a dasher thereon, and mechanism adjustahly attached to the dashershaft for operating the latter.

5. A churn having a trough-like structure,

all the receptacles that may be. disposed in the bleand contrae-tibio. resilient fastening devices dasher-shaft including a Wheel and a crank- Y ture including opposite sides with upper downy between the sides and adapted to be replaced tained by longitudinal expansion and contracmovabf y held in said structure, 'a lid or cover frocable through the lid or cover and having a dasher on lts lower extremity, mechanism for a body or receptacle removably disposed in the l base `structure and replaceableby other flike detices varying in vertical and transverse dimensions, a single lidor cover common to all the receptacles that may be disposed in the trough-like structure, longitudinally expansible and contractible resilient fastening devices removably attached to opposite portions of the lid or cover. and to the trough -like structure. a dashcr-shaft vertically movable through the lid o r cover and having adasher thereon, and mechanisml for operating the rod, thecrank-rod being adjustably attached to the Wheel and to the dasher-shaft. 6. A churn havinga trough-like base strucwardly-inclined edges, a churn body or receptacle removably msertible in the base structure by' similar devices varying in vertical and transverse dimensions` a lid or cover for the body or receptacle` yielding fasteningdevices having terminal means detachably connected to opposite portions of the lid or co'ver an also to the sides of the base structure, the adjustment of said fastening devices being obtion thereof, a. dasher-shaft vertically movable through theilid or cover and having a dasher on the lower extremity thereoffand mechanism attached to the dasher-shaft for operating the latter. f l

7. vA chu/rn having a base structure having a solid partition rising therefrom, a body refor the body, a dasher-shaft vertically recipoperating the dasher-shaft and including a crank-rod having an upper angular arm removably attached to the dasher-shaft anda wheel to which the opposite extremity of the crank-rod is connected, and a guard secured to the partition and projecting outwardly from the latter and located above said wheel and th rough which the crank-rod extends, the said guard preventing thecrank-rod from falling over the lower portion of the churn structure when detached from thc dasher-shaft.

A 8. Ina churn, a ltrough-like base structure having an imperforate partition rising therefrom and forming the back therefor, a body or receptacle removably disposed in the base structure the latter having the sides 'reduced toward the open end thereof and which is located opposite theI partition, a dasher shaft disposed in reciprocahle relation to the body and having a dasher Qn'itslower extremity, a ledge at the upper extremity of the partition 'and provided with a hinged member to removabl y receive the dasher-shat.y a wheel held adjacent to the side 'of the partition nearest the body or receptacle and provided with a crank-arm which is attachedto the dashershaft, and operating mechanism on the rear side of the partition for setting the wheel and crank-rod in motion.

9. In a churn, the combination of a base structure having an open end toward which the said structure gradually reduces, a body or receptacle removably disposed in said base structure, asolid partition or back rising from the rear of the base structure and forming a back for the latter, a lid or cover for the body or receptacle, a dashershaft or staff vertically movable through the lid or cover and having a dasher thereon in the receptacle, mechanism directly attached to the dasher-shaft hield ou the side of the partition or back nearest .the body or receptacle, and mechanism on the reverse side of the partition or back for actuanesses. v JAMES S. JEAKE.

. Titnessesz WM. M. PEYTON, Y

. Gao. W. SALMoNs. 

